NZX data shows the last quarter of the year was one of the worst for global equities in several years, thanks to concerns over the global economic outlook, combined with tightening monetary conditions, trade tensions and European political uncertainty.
In New Zealand, the NZX50 fell 5.8% in the final three months of the year.
The average fund manager underperformed by 1.57% - returning an average loss of 7.34%.
Smartshares' NZ Dividend fund, down 0.74%, and NZ Mid Cap, down 2.49%, were the best performers in the data for the quarter, followed by AMP Capital's Responsible Investment Leaders share fund. Mint's SRI equity fund also did better than the index, down 5.6%.
"When you have a sell-off in markets, fund managers often say this is when active management shines, but that wasn't the case in 2018," said Chris Douglas, a principal at MyFiduciary.
He said that could be in part because the market movements in New Zealand in recent years had been driven by the fortunes of a small number of companies. "A2 ripped through the market and had a big impact on returns."
When its share price wobbled in the latter part of last year, that had an effect on the returns some managers could deliver, he said.
Some had started to invest a significant proportion of "New Zealand" equity funds in Australian shares, which had been hit harder, he said.
"But if you take a step back, a key factor also coming across is that a lot are struggling to find value in the New Zealand equity market."
There was now more diversity of offering of New Zealand equity funds, he said and investors had many more options to choose from.
He said it was possible that the market environment was changing.
The return premium that active managers were able to find in New Zealand might not be there so much any more, he said.
As a smaller market, New Zealand has historically been seen as less efficient, and managers had the ability to sway their fortunes more significantly by backing the right big firms. There has also been less research of New Zealand stocks.
"There will always be high quality active managers who can outperform the market but in recent years, it's got harder and harder."
Morningstar Asia-Pacific director of manager research Tim Murphy said global players still came into the market with what local players saw as "dumb money" - backing the same big stocks.
He said those that got ahead of the index in the quarter had a different mandate, and were particularly less growth-oriented funds.
He said New Zealand was one of few international markets that active mangers could dominate in and, unlike Douglas, he said he could see no sign of a long-term shift away from that.
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